Mercury is known since ancient times and has along with Venus and by triangulation, used to calculate the distance between Earth and the sun, which in turn helped to calculate the size in our solar system.
Mercury Venus is like an internal plane and therefore can pass in front of the sun as seen from earth. In the Mercury Passages (about 13 per century) moves the planets of the solar disk, and stands out as a very small dark round spot.
Passages can only occur when the planet is in a straight line with the sun and the earth. The first confirmed sighting
of a Transit of Mercury were made by Pierre Gassendi in 1631 for calculations of Johannes Kepler. A central passage of the solar disk will last for approximately six hours. 
Source: Encyclopedia
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